Abu Fazl Al Abbas (pbuh)

Abu Fazl al Abbas (as)

A moon that illuminated the skies of the world with its virtues and added glory to the Hashemites and an immortal, fresh and fragrant remembrance. He is the son of the goal of guidance, Ali al-Murtada, peace be upon him. He is the one who captured the hearts of the greats and became the song of free people in every time and place with his great sacrifice for his brother Hussein, “peace be upon them,” who built glory for Islam and Muslims. And there was no glory except through Him.

Peace be upon you, O Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas, brother who defends his brother and responds to obedience to his Lord... and who desires the great reward and beautiful praise that others have renounced... for you are the best patient, fighter, advocate and supporter, and may God have mercy and blessings.

The Importance of Lineage in Shaping Morals and Character

Lineage holds great significance in various aspects of life, particularly in refining morals and shaping character. A person who is aware of their esteemed ancestry and venerable forebears is likely to strive to uphold their reputation and legacy. The awareness of one's noble lineage can deter individuals from engaging in actions that might tarnish their family's honor and instead motivate them to be worthy successors who renew and perpetuate their ancestors' esteemed memory.

Aqeel bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), as described by Al-Safadi, was highly regarded for his knowledge of genealogy and the history of the Arabs. He was often sought for his judgment and insights. It is said that a tapestry was spread out for him in the mosque of the Messenger of God (PBUH), where people would gather to learn from him about genealogies, the history of the Arabs, and their significant events. His swift responses and detailed knowledge made him a respected authority on these matters.

The Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (peace be upon him), once approached Aqeel with a specific request: "Look for me a woman who has been given birth to by virility from among the Arabs so that I can marry her and she will give birth to me a knightly boy." Aqeel responded by advising him to marry a woman from the tribe of Kilab, stating, "Marry the mother of the sons of the Kilabiyya, for there is none among the Arabs braver than her fathers."

This interaction underscores the importance of lineage and heritage in the decisions made by the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). Despite their divine guidance and abilities, the Imams followed the natural and normal courses of life. They set examples for the Ummah (the Muslim community) to follow in both religious and worldly matters. Their actions and decisions were intended to guide people, lift the veils of illusions, and show the way to righteousness and honor.

Imam Ali's approach to choosing a righteous wife highlights the importance of considering lineage, honor, prestige, and chivalry in such decisions. It also emphasizes the value of consulting knowledgeable and respected individuals like Aqeel bin Abi Talib, who had a deep understanding of the genealogies and noble houses of the Arabs. This careful consideration and consultation reflect the broader principle of seeking wisdom and guidance in life's significant decisions.

The Exemplary Life and Commitment of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas

The history of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas clearly reflects his profound commitment to Sharia and unwavering obedience to the infallible Imams (peace be upon them). This commitment is exemplified by his role in the Al-Taff incident, where he was entrusted with carrying the banner and leading the Hashemite House in that critical battle. The reverence and high status of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas are evident in the passages of the Ziyarat (visitation) narrated by Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) with a reliable chain of transmission, as mentioned by Sheikh Al-Qummi in "Mafatih al-Jinan." These passages highlight his esteemed position and the recognition of his virtues by the infallible Imams.

Testimonies from Ziyarat:

Submission, Belief, and Loyalty:
- "I bear witness to your submission, belief, loyalty, and advice to the successor of the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family)."
Martyrdom and Divine Promise:
- "I bear witness that you were killed unjustly, and that God has fulfilled what He promised you."
Following the Path of the Pioneers:
- "I bear witness, and I bear God as witness, that you have followed what the Badrians and the Mujahideen did in the path of God."
Insight and Resolve:
- "I bear witness that you were not insulted or distressed, and that you proceeded with insight into your affairs."

These paragraphs signify that Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (peace be upon him) is considered first in rank after the fourteen infallibles (peace be upon them). His rank and value, however, are ultimately known to God, as infallibility is a divine grace and a psychological faculty beyond human comprehension. Only the infallible ones can truly reveal and understand the depth of such qualities.

The esteemed position of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas is a testament to his exemplary character, unwavering faith, and dedication to the principles of Islam, as recognized and honored by the infallible Imams.

Was Abbas forgetful of Hussein’s thirst, so he remembered his thirst when he wanted to drink water?!

“Did Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas forget the thirst of Al-Hussein, peace be upon him, when he stormed the Euphrates River (so he remembered) his thirst when he wanted to drink? And wasn’t it appropriate for him to drink water in order to be strong enough to fight the enemies? Or was he obligated to drink in order to maintain his health? Himself from destruction?”

The response clarified that the origin of the news is from the account of Al-Hussein’s killing by Abu Mikhnaf Al-Azdi, which states: "(... Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) said to him, ‘If you decide, let him draw water for us.’ So he took his waterskin and carried it on the people until he filled the waterskin. They said, and he scooped up a large amount of water. Then he mentioned the thirst of Al-Hussein (peace be upon him), so he threw it away and said, ‘Oh soul, after Al-Hussein, there will be peace, and after him, you would not have been.’"

The website stated that historians’ descriptions of the condition of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas are apparent descriptions of the incident without the narrator knowing what was ailing Abbas’s soul at that time. It was not mentioned in a reliable narrative text from the infallible to provide knowledge of the subject. Furthermore, the mention of an incident does not imply negligence, especially since remembrance has varying levels of strength and weakness.

Assuming the description is accurate and reveals the condition of Abu al-Fadl (peace be upon him), it can be said that he had just returned from a massive military operation where he broke through the ranks until he reached Al-Mushra'ah, removing from it four thousand knights, led by Amr bin Al-Hajjaj Al-Zubaidi, and descended to the shore of the Euphrates. The matter may be similar to a subconscious movement that occurs to a thirsty person when he sees water; he rushes to it as a quick reaction. Abu al-Fadl, despite this initial impulse, poured the water out and refrained from drinking.

As for the argument of self-preservation and escaping death, it was not known that Abu al-Fadl (peace be upon him) had become so thirsty that he would end his life by abstaining from drinking. He was observed fighting like a hero for quite some time, indicating he was not fatally affected by thirst.

In response to why he did not drink to gain strength to fight the enemies, the website explained that the value of these individuals' lives was not in mere survival but in presenting a high model of faith and morals for future generations to emulate. The true value lay not in a drink of water but in abstaining from it to establish an unparalleled example of altruism and brotherhood.

Al-Abbas bin Ali: The Legendary Water Bearer of Karbala

Historical sources confirm that Al-Abbas bin Ali, peace be upon them, was renowned for his role in providing water and that he was able to storm the Euphrates multiple times on the day of Ashura. This stands in contrast to the accounts by some fighter leaders, history writers, and pulpit preachers who claim that Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, went to the Euphrates and was martyred on his way back without delivering water to the family of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him. This discrepancy raises the question of why Abbas, peace be upon him, was called a cupbearer if he did not give them water to drink.

These sources confirm that Abbas, peace be upon him, had a lifelong affinity for providing water to the thirsty. This virtue was not born in a moment of necessity in Karbala but had been with him since his childhood. He used to provide water to his brothers and sisters whenever they needed it. His major role in the Battle of Siffin is also highlighted, where he took control of the Euphrates from Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan, who had denied water to the companions of Imam Ali, peace be upon him. Abu al-Fadl carried his sword, confronted Muawiyah’s army, and forced them to retreat, securing the water for his companions.

History books also confirm that during the Battle of Karbala, Al-Abbas stormed the Euphrates three times and successfully brought back water to the camp of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him. He filled a large number of waterskins with water and delivered them to the thirsty people of Karbala.

These sources add that Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, was able to deliver water and irrigate the thirsty people of Karbala. However, he was martyred in his final attempt when he was betrayed by an arrow that struck one of his eyes and a pole that smashed his head. Thus, he remained a water-carrier from childhood until his martyrdom, earning his title through his unwavering commitment to quenching the thirst of those around him.

Al-Abbas: The Symbol of Loyalty and Insight

Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, was not an infallible imam, but he was a scholar with penetrating insight. Imam Al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, says about him: “Our uncle, Al-Abbas bin Ali, was penetrating with insight...” Al-Abbas is widely known as a symbol of loyalty, courage, heroism, and pride, particularly for his bravery in the Battle of Al-Taf. But what did Al-Abbas do to also become known for his profound insight?

Stories indicate that Al-Abbas and his brothers received a tempting offer from Ibn Saad’s army one day before the battle. Shimr ibn Dhi al-Jawshan brought a message of safety for Al-Abbas and his brothers. Shimr called out, “Where are our sister’s sons? Where are Abbas and his brothers?” Al-Abbas and his brothers, peace be upon them, initially ignored him. However, Al-Hussein, peace be upon him, instructed them, “Answer him, even if he is a sinner.”

When they responded, they asked, “What is your business and what do you want?” The cursed Shimr replied, “My sister’s sons, you are safe. Do not kill yourselves with Hussein, and commit to obeying the Commander of the Faithful, Yazid.”

Shimr was attempting to persuade his sister's sons to show obedience to Yazid bin Muawiyah in exchange for their safety, effectively betraying their Imam, Hussein bin Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon them. The insight of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas, peace be upon him, shone brightly when he rejected Shimr’s offer, deciding instead to adhere to his guardianship of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him. He, along with his brothers, preferred loyalty to their Imam over living safely in this world.

Al-Abbas addressed Shimr, saying: “May God curse you and curse your security. You offer us safety while the son of the Messenger of God has no security, and you order us to obey the cursed one and the children of the cursed one.”

The story concludes with Shimr returning angrily, unable to sway the unwavering loyalty and insight of Al-Abbas and his brothers.

The Eternal Loyalty of Al-Abbas

Here the image of loyalty remains in the memory of water. Here is the journey of the earth in the secrets of heaven. Here the river trembled at the voice of its master, carrying its eagerness. In his style, covered with wounds, immense love, and his banner, crowned with patience and insight, and his hands that became beacons. It is the image to which he closed his eyelids for the last time and did not drink the water. The cries of the children were echoing in his ears. The image of his brother Hussein’s thirsty face did not leave his mind, so he threw the water from his hand and did not drink.

By God, if you cut off my hands, I will never defend my religion, and a truthful and certain Imam *** the son of the pure and trustworthy Prophet. He is the moon of Banu Hashim, Al-Abbas bin Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon them), the heir of his father’s courage and banner. The flag that did not and will not fall because it was raised according to the saying: There is no god but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God.

Honesty, courage, nobility, chivalry, loyalty, and altruism are traits that combined and blended in drawing the features of Abbas’s great personality, shaped by his great loyalty and intense adherence to the cause of his master and brother, Imam Hussein (peace be upon him).

Al-Abbas declared the love and loyalty that shone within him for Hussein and his body in Karbala with the most wonderful signs of loyalty, sacrifice, and steadfast faith. He became the immortal anthem of courage, an icon of eternal love, and a shining book of loyalty, when the pure ideological features were embodied in his words and actions. Truly, as Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) described him: "My uncle, Al-Abbas bin Ali, was keen-eyed and steadfast in his faith. He struggled with his brother Al-Hussein, did well, and passed away as a martyr."

His heroics will remain carved in the finest sands, and the palm trees will continue to sing his songs. These songs, born from a soul filled with love for Hussein, represented the most wonderful images of epics and horsemanship, so they were named and characterized as they were named and personified their owner in the highest degree of immortality: O soul, after Hussein, be easy *** and after him you will not be or be.

The banner that the Commander of the Faithful carried in all of the Messenger’s wars while laying the foundations of Islam was carried by his son Abbas bin Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) in Karbala as he wrote the most wonderful epic in the history of Islam under the leadership of his brother Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) for the sake of truth and belief. He wrote for the world and history, and generations are the most wonderful lessons of sacrifice and redemption, which will remain a beacon and example for every rebel against injustice and tyranny. Al-Abbas felt proud that he is the son of the Commander of the Faithful, the hero of Islam and the greatest personality known to history after the Messenger of God. Al-Abbas felt proud to be a brother to Al-Hussein, the master of the youth of the people of Paradise, so he combined with his great personal qualities his sublime lineage. The honorable one is the bright branch that branched out from the honorable Doha. What soul is more honorable than this great soul? What altruism is like this? What soul is more healed than this soul? What nobility is greater than this nobility?

Oh, my lord... O Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas bin Ali... O you who established faith in your heart and embodied it in your stances, and who implanted the love of Hussein in your soul and demonstrated it in your defense of him. You struggled and did your best and sacrificed your soul for the religion of God, so God decreed for you eternity in both worlds and made you a door of His mercy. You are the door of needs from which exudes the sublime fragrance, and you are the hero of Al-Alqami, that river whose traces have been erased, because you are the immortal river from which generations draw meanings of dignity and pride. You are the bearer of the banner that will never fall, for it still and will continue to fly on your lofty edifice. You are the moon of Banu Hashim in your splendor, your glory, and your nobility.

The Martyrdom of Hazrat Abul Fazl Abbas: The Pinnacle of Loyalty and Sacrifice

After the martyrdom of the companions of Hazrat Seyyed al-Shahda, Hazrat Abul Fazl Abbas (peace be upon him), who was older than all his brothers and excelled in courage, strength, and beauty, went to Imam Hussain (peace be upon him) and asked for permission to engage in battle. Hazrat Imam Hussain (a.s.) said to him: "O brother, you are my standard-bearer, and my army will fall apart if you leave." Hazrat Abbas replied: "O honorable brother, my heart is filled with the grief of my brothers, companions, and friends, and I am tired of life. I have longed to meet the Almighty, and I have no more patience to see the suffering of my friends. I want to avenge the blood of my brothers and relatives and rid the opposition."

Imam Hussain (peace be upon him) then said: "If you are determined to embark on your journey to the hereafter, seek water for the children of the Ahl al-Bayt who are suffering from thirst." Abbas approached the enemy and said: "O shameless ones, if you consider us sinners, what sin do our women and children have? Have mercy on them and give them water."

When he saw that his advice did not affect the disbelievers, he returned to Imam Hussain. Many of the people of the shrine were thirsty. Hazrat Imam Hussain (peace be upon him) rode on a camel towards the Euphrates, and his brother Abbas accompanied him. The horsemen of Saad's army, cursed by God, attacked them, and a man from Bani Darem said to the army: "Stand between him and the Euphrates and do not let him access the water."

Hussain (peace be upon him) prayed: "O God, make this man thirsty." The impure man got angry and shot an arrow at him, which struck under his chin. Hussain (peace be upon him) pulled out the arrow, and his hands were filled with blood. He spilled the blood into the air and said: "By God! I complain to You about what these people do to the son and daughter of Your prophet." The army surrounded Abbas (peace be upon him) and he fought them alone.

When he reached the river, four thousand men who were guarding it surrounded him and shot at his noble body. That lion of courage showed his bravery and threw eighty of them to the ground, reaching the water. As he took a cup of water to drink, he remembered the thirst of Imam Hussain and his family. He poured the water out, filled the waterskin, and carried it on his shoulder. While he was fighting, he noticed the tents of the shrine. The infidels attacked him on the way, and he fought valiantly. Suddenly, Yazid bin Warqa ambushed him, and Hakam bin Tufail helped. They struck Abbas and cut off his right hand.

That lion of the grove of courage, the seedling of the garden of Imamate, drew the waterskin onto his left shoulder and held the sword in his left hand. He fought and marched until Hakam bin Tufail struck him again, severing his left hand. Abbas took the waterskin in his teeth and ran to bring water to the thirsty lips. Suddenly, an arrow hit the waterskin, spilling the water, and another arrow struck his chest, causing him to fall from his horse. He called out: "O brother, find me." When Abbas (peace be upon him) was martyred, Hazrat Imam Hussain (peace be upon him) said: "Now my back is broken and it is difficult for me to find a solution."

In another hadith, it is narrated from Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) that Zaid bin Raqad Jahani and Hakim bin Tufail Ta'i both participated in the killing of Abbas bin Ali. According to another narration, Imam Jafar Sadiq (peace be upon him) honored him with two wings instead of two hands, with which he flies in Paradise.

References

Encyclopedia of Imam al-Hussein (peace be upon him), volume 4, pages 236-237 - Jala Al-Ayun, pages 678-680
Nafs al-Mahmoum, pages 329-330 - Encyclopedia of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), volume 4, pages 224, Al-Mufid, Al-Irshad, volume 2, pages 113-114 - About him: The Shedding Tear, volume 4, pages 321-322 - Lessons, volume 2, pages 82 - Alam Al-Wari, page 248 - Shiite notables, volume 1, page 608, Lawa’ij Al-Ashjan, pages 182-183
Encyclopedia of Imam al-Hussein (peace be upon him), volume 4, pages 236-237 - Jala Al-Ayun, pages 678-680
Encyclopedia of Imam al-Hussein (peace be upon him), volume 4, page 231 - Al-Avalam, volume 17, pages 283-285; Muhammad bin Abi Talib, The Consolation of the Majlis, volume 2, pages 308-310 - Al-Dama'a al-Saqba, volume 4, pages 323-324 - Muthir Al-Ahzan, pages 83-84
Encyclopedia of Imam al-Hussein (peace be upon him), volume 4, page 221 - Muqatil al-Talibeyin, page 56
Encyclopedia of Imam al-Husayn (peace be upon him), volume 4, pages 236-237 - Majlesi, Jala Al-Ayoun, pages 678-680

A Window of Light: The Shrine of Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas

A window of light in the middle of a garden of divine closeness and absolute serenity becomes a stable to which the hearts of the knowledgeable flock and a shelter for the souls of the diligent devotees who seek solitude with their Lord. Hoping to drink from the cup of divine kindness and be enveloped in the light of God, they strive to achieve certainty of victory and success with the Beloved, holding on to one of the doors of salvation. This divine overflow of God’s blessings is upon the loyal visitors of the shrine of the symbol of redemption, the brother of Al-Hussein, peace be upon him, his minister, and the bearer of his banner on the Day of Kindness, the master Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas bin Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon them both.

As soon as the visitor’s slow-stepping feet set foot on the outskirts of the noble shrine, his eyes are filled with a verse of beauty and majesty. He stands amazed and humbled before the window of Aba al-Fadl, peace be upon him, a masterpiece made of gold and silver by the hands of the most skilled Iraqi artists and craftsmen, loyal to those who love Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them. The “golden window” of the purified place gained its greatness, sanctity, and exceptional beauty.

The Artistic Heritage of the Shrine

Throughout the various stages of the development of Islamic arts, the Muslim artist used different techniques and materials to display his art and satisfy the taste of diverse cultures and beliefs. Handicrafts and applied crafts occupied a large part of these arts. Islamic decoration, an essential focus, is included in most artistic achievements. Decorations are engraved on the facades of buildings, woven into carpets and various fabrics, and engraved on the surfaces of metals, shaping them to match the sanctity of the places they occupy. These are among the important decorative arts developed alongside the manual and applied arts, using various drawings and manuscripts on metal surfaces to leave a clear and distinctive effect in a third dimension through varying lights and shades.

In the picture representing a scene of one side of the purifying window of Lord Abi Al-Fadl Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, the viewer distinguishes many artistic styles and techniques that embody a gathering of artistic and cultural heritage. This combines the skill of the contemporary Muslim artist with the accent of the past, presenting a clear image of the high artistic level of spiritual and material civilization achieved by the Muslim artist today.

The Techniques and Mastery of Metal Engraving

Today, the arts of engraving on metals have reached a high degree of skill. Craftsmen use various metals such as gold, silver, iron, lead, and different metal alloys to obtain new properties for preparing metal sheets. Specialized workshops produce works of art, such as workshops for casting bronze, shaping metals, and inlaying them with others, including precious stones. This mastery is evident in the components that make up the window of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas, peace be upon him.

The artist used types of Arabic calligraphy and groups of simple and complex geometric and floral decorations. Shapes such as triangles, squares, circles, and various floral and leafy designs were executed artistically over the shrine’s window and the gold and silver surfaces. The presence of movement, richness in rhythm, and the significant position that letters occupy in the formulation of decorative models engraved on metals are emphasized. Qur’anic verses and Arabic poetry celebrating the heroism and selflessness of Abu al-Fadl, peace be upon him, play an essential decorative and functional role.

Advanced Artistic Methods

Many artistic methods and techniques were used in creating and highlighting the engravings of the antiseptic window. One method is “direct engraving or engraving on the metal surface,” which involves displacing varying layers from the metal plate surface, resulting in prominent or recessed engravings. The artist also used the hammer engraving technique, requiring extreme precision to obtain distinctive surface protrusions using chisels with different heads and hammers of various sizes.

Various executive methods were implemented, such as perforation and sizing, casting metals with special molds, and using camouflage and blending techniques to mix different metals like gold with silver or copper. Chemical treatments were applied to affect metal surfaces, and colored enamel was used for decorating parts of the window, along with precious stones and distinctive ceramics.

Conclusion

The creators of this blessed masterpiece embodied the image of Islamic artistic heritage, blending it with modern art and implementing it with a balanced mixture of reason and conscience. The loving visitor stands contemplating before God’s hands, drawing close to Abu al-Fadl, peace be upon him, seeking mercy from God and intercession from Abu al-Fadl. “Peace be upon him,” by saying, “I bear witness that you were not weakened or exhausted, and that you proceeded with insight into your affairs, following the example of the righteous and following the prophets. So God brought us together with you and between His Messenger and his friends in the homes of the hidden, for He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy.”

Abbas, peace be upon him, the blessed newborn

The Heroic Legacy of Al-Abbas: Courage and Loyalty Embodied
This newborn carried all the meanings of heroism and courage, embodying them in the battle of Karbala, characterized by blood and martyrdom. He was a hero of the truth, fighting against injustice and oppression. His name, Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, reflects the courage inherent in his being, combining the qualities of generosity and the advantages of perfection.

Meaning and Significance of His Name
In the language, the meaning of Abbas is a lion from which other lions escape, and thus the man was named - Abbas. According to Lisan al-Arab (Part 9, p. 20, Article: Abs), the name signifies a person who shows fear and panic through his strength and courage when confronting an opponent. These characteristics perfectly describe Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, who was like a great mountain with a heart equally immense. He was a passionate knight, a stubborn hero, and bold in attacking and striking in the field of jihad and war (Muntakhab Al-Tarihi, p. 306).

Characteristics of Al-Abbas, Peace Be Upon Him

The Sea of Sciences, Mysteries, and Biographies: Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, was knowledgeable and well-versed in science, mysteries, and history.
Knowledge of Stool and Courage: He was famous for his prowess and courage, holding the highest rank in these qualities.
Bold in Feet and Strength: He inherited boldness and strength from his father, Imam Ali, peace be upon him, carrying the banner of victory, heroism, and courage in the Battle of Karbala.

Decent Life and Upbringing
Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, was distinguished by his qualities and academic status, which did not come from nothing. His father, Ali, the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, needs no introduction. His mother, chosen from among the males of the stallions, was distinguished by her moral characteristics and loyalty. Imam Ali, peace be upon him, said: “Look for me a woman who was given birth to Arab stallions of family, lineage, and prowess, so that I may have a son from her who will be brave and supportive and support this son of mine - and he pointed to Al-Hussein - console him in the valley of Karbala” (Batal Al-Alqami, Part 1, p. 121). Umm al-Banin, peace be upon her, was loyal and generous, breastfeeding and raising Al-Abbas in the arms of guidance, practicing Islam and jihad, becoming a symbol of courage, will, and patience. He was born on the fourth of Shaban in the year 26 AH (Shiite Notables, Part 11, p. 476).

Historical Lies and Misconceptions
Despite his distinguished status, some historians have attempted to distort Al-Abbas’s legacy. They sought to undermine his humanity and his role in the Karbala epic. For example, Ibn al-Atheer claimed that Al-Abbas told his brothers to advance so that he might inherit from them, as they had no children (Al-Kamil in History, vol. 3, p. 529). This claim is also repeated by Al-Tabari (History of Al-Tabari, vol. 5, p. 448). However, this distortion contradicts all evidence and the noble character of Al-Abbas.

True Historical Accounts
In reality, Al-Abbas urged his brothers to defend Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, until their last breath. As Al-Dinouri mentions: “When Al-Abbas bin Ali saw the large number of dead, he said to his brothers Abdullah, Jaafar, and Othman bin Ali: Come forward, and defend your master until you die without him” (Al-Twal News, p. 257). This account shows Al-Abbas’s loyalty and dedication, urging his brothers to fight valiantly and protect Imam Hussein.

The Legacy of Al-Abbas
Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, remains a symbol of zeal, determination, and courage, as named by Imam Ali, peace be upon him. His legacy continues to inspire generations, embodying the values of sacrifice, loyalty, and unwavering faith in the face of oppression and injustice.

Thirst and the death of Abbas (peace be upon him)

The mind remains perplexed whenever it thinks about the family or internal system of Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) and the good upbringing of his family and dependents. They, even in times of adversity, were more obedient to him than his shadows and more loyal to his commands. No group is as good as one that obeys its leader, even in times of hate or adversity. As it is said, “Obey your leader in what you hate, and do not disobey him in what you love.” Defeat would have been the furthest thing from such a group if they had not been afflicted by extreme hunger or thirst. Shimr, one of the enemies, exaggerated to his people about Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) and his family, saying, “If water reaches them, they will annihilate you.”

Preventing the army of Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) from water was his enemy’s strongest weapon against him. Patience with hunger is difficult, but patience with thirst is almost impossible, especially when their swords are in their right hands and water is just out of reach. They could hear the cries of their thirsty children, and among them was the brave boy, Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas (may God be pleased with him). The situation deeply affected him, arousing his emotions, so he approached his brother Al-Hussein (peace be upon him), asking for permission to fight, apologizing that he was fed up with life and hated staying.

Yes, life is precious, but it is cherished as long as it contains pleasures and joys. When life is devoid of these and becomes a condition of unbearable pain, sweet life turns bitter. In such a state, strong souls cannot console themselves and choose death over the suffering of waiting for death. Dying for the sake of defending is better and more honorable than waiting for death. Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) was in despair, and everyone with him shared that despair, drinking from the cup of sacrifice and embracing the path of martyrdom.

The Valor of Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas

At the forefront was Abu Al-Fadl, the eldest brother of Al-Hussein (peace be upon him), known for his perfection and beauty, the moon of Banu Hashim, the bearer of Al-Hussein's standard, and the pillar of his hopes for preserving his family. Therefore, it was difficult for Al-Hussein to allow him to face the enemies. He hoped that in dueling, Abbas would convey the proof, revive the offspring, and help sustain the family by securing water, as he had done previously. This made him the envy of the martyrs. Despite his wickedness, Shimr, one of the enemy leaders, offered security to Abbas and his brothers due to his relationship with their mother, Umm Al-Banin. Abbas was steadfast and dedicated to watering the family. Al-Hussein's response to Abbas's request was, “Then ask the people for a drink of water for these children.”

The Ultimate Sacrifice

Abbas bin Ali (peace be upon him) headed towards the armies stationed around the Sharia. They tried to prevent him from accessing water, encouraging each other to oppose and fight him. Al-Abbas continued to confront them, turning groups against each other, and reducing their numbers. They ambushed him behind a palm tree from Al-Ghadhariya, cutting off his right hand. He took up the sword with his left hand and persevered in defense, not caring about his injuries, reciting verses, and reminding people of the Ahl al-Bayt's lineage and their connection to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).

They ambushed him again from behind a palm tree, striking him on his left hand and cutting it off. He defended himself with his hands cut off, reminiscent of his uncle Jaafar al-Tayyar (may God be pleased with him). Then Dharmi approached him fearlessly, struck him with an iron pillar, and he fell, screaming and shouting, “Brother, catch up with your brother.” Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) reached him only after the crowds had overwhelmed him. In his final moments, Al-Hussein mourned him, saying, “Now my back is broken, my strategy has diminished, and my enemy gloats over me.”

The Lion of Banu Hashim: Al-Abbas ibn Ali

Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, was the son of the Commander of the Faithful, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and the brother of the Master of Martyrs, Imam Hussein. On the day of Ashura, he served as the standard-bearer, embodying the qualities of valor and loyalty. The name Al-Abbas in Arabic means "the lion of the forest from which other lions flee." His mother, Fatima Al-Kalabiya, later known as Umm Al-Banin, married Ali after the martyrdom of Fatima Al-Zahra.

Early Life and Family

Al-Abbas was born on the 4th of Shaban in the year 26 AH in Medina. He was the eldest son of Umm Al-Banin and grew up under the care of his father, Imam Ali, until the martyrdom of his father when Al-Abbas was fourteen years old. At the time of the battle of Karbala, he was 34 years old. He was known by the nicknames Abu al-Fadl and Abu Fadil, and his titles included Qamar Bani Hashim (the Moon of Banu Hashim), Saqi al-Atashi (the Water-Bearer for the Thirsty), Bearer of the Standard of Hussein, and many others.

Al-Abbas married Lubabah bint Ubayd Allah ibn Al-Abbas and had two sons, Ubayd Allah and Al-Fadl. Some sources also mention two other sons named Muhammad and Al-Qasim.

Attributes and Responsibilities

Al-Abbas was tall, handsome, and unmatched in courage. He was called Qamar Bani Hashim for his beauty and grace. As the standard-bearer for Hussein on the day of Ashura, he was responsible for guarding the tents and fetching water for the children and families. His presence brought stability to the camp, and his bravery was evident as he fought alongside his brother Hussein.

On the day of Ashura, Al-Abbas's three brothers were martyred before him. He then asked Imam Hussein for permission to fight, but Hussein asked him to fetch water for the thirsty children instead. Al-Abbas bravely approached the Euphrates, filled the waterskin, and on his way back, he was attacked, his hands were cut off, and he was martyred. Despite his thirst, he did not drink the water, showing his selflessness and devotion to his brother Hussein.

Altruism and Martyrdom

Al-Abbas was a symbol of altruism, loyalty, and dedication. When he entered the Euphrates, though he was very thirsty, he did not drink because of his brother Hussein's thirst. His commitment to his faith and family was evident in his actions and words. When his right hand was cut off, he recited, "By God, if you cut off my right hand, I will never stop defending my religion and the truthful Imam, the son of the pure and faithful Prophet."

Legacy and Reverence

The martyrdom of Al-Abbas left a profound impact on Imam Hussein, who mourned his loss deeply. Al-Abbas was buried near the Al-Alqami River, and his shrine remains separate from that of Hussein due to the location of their final moments.

Imam Al-Sajjad, peace be upon him, praised Al-Abbas for his loyalty and sacrifice, noting that God replaced his severed hands with wings, like those of Jaafar al-Tayyar, allowing him to fly with the angels in Paradise. Imam Al-Mahdi, peace be upon him, also revered Al-Abbas, greeting him with honor and acknowledging his sacrifices.

Al-Abbas's status is further highlighted in his visitation prayers, which reflect his obedience to God, His Messenger, and the Imams. His legacy as a paragon of virtue, courage, and loyalty continues to inspire and be venerated by millions.

Final Reflections

Al-Abbas's life and martyrdom serve as a testament to his unwavering faith, courage, and loyalty. He remains a beacon of sacrifice and dedication, whose virtues are celebrated and emulated by those who honor his memory.

The Esteemed Personality of Abbas bin Ali, Peace Be Upon Him

The personality of Abbas bin Ali, peace be upon him, garnered significant attention from the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt due to his crucial role in the events of Karbala. His actions and heroism during these events earned him a place of prominence in the biographies and missionary projects of the Imams. Abbas, peace be upon him, is seen as a paragon of virtue, bravery, and loyalty, inspiring loyal devotees who seek a role model in their faith.

Historical Significance and Recognition

The character of Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, has been extensively documented by historians and investigators. His epic deeds and steadfastness have left an indelible mark on history, earning him a revered place in the hearts of believers. The Imams of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, frequently acknowledged his exemplary personality, shedding light on his virtues and his pivotal role in the Husseini mission.

Testimonies from the Imams

From Imam Ali, Peace Be Upon Him

Imam Ali, peace be upon him, placed great emphasis on the scholarly and virtuous upbringing of his son Abbas. He recognized Al-Abbas's dedication to knowledge and praised his character, indicating that Abbas was prepared from an early age for the significant role he would play in the Husseini project. This preparation was crucial for the success of the mission led by Imam Hussein, peace be upon him.

From Imam Zain Al-Abidin, Peace Be Upon Him

Imam Zain Al-Abidin, peace be upon him, frequently mentioned Al-Abbas and praised his unparalleled rank and position. He wept for him, cared for his son, and acknowledged the greatness of Al-Abbas's sacrifices. In one narration, Imam Zain Al-Abidin compared the martyrdom of Al-Abbas to the tragic losses of Hamza in the Battle of Uhud and Ja'far in Mu'tah, highlighting the profound grief these events caused.

From Imam Jaafar Al-Sadiq, Peace Be Upon Him

Imam Jaafar Al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, described Al-Abbas as having penetrating insight and solid faith. He praised Al-Abbas's unwavering support for Imam Hussein and his heroic performance in jihad. This insight and faith enabled Al-Abbas to fully comprehend and support the divine project of Imam Hussein, leading to his ultimate sacrifice.

From Imam Al-Hujjah, May God Hasten His Appearance

Imam Al-Hujjah, in his salutations to Al-Abbas, emphasized the qualities of consolation, redemption, and sacrifice that defined Al-Abbas's personality. He highlighted the loyalty and protection that Al-Abbas offered to his brother Imam Hussein, ultimately sacrificing his life in the process.

Conclusion

The life and legacy of Al-Abbas bin Ali, peace be upon him, serve as a testament to his exceptional character and unwavering faith. His actions in Karbala, his dedication to his brother, and his profound knowledge and insight have left a lasting impact on Islamic history and continue to inspire believers worldwide. His revered status is reflected in the words and praises of the Imams, underscoring his significance as a symbol of loyalty, courage, and devotion.

References:

Asrar al-Shahada by Al-Darbandi, stone edition: p. 324
Bihar Al-Anwar: Part 22, p. 274
Revising the article, part 2, p. 128
Al-Bihar, vol. 45, p. 65

Learn the details of the most famous “eight nicknames” by which Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas was known

The Birth of Al-Abbas bin Ali: The Moon of Bani Hashem

Today, the fourth of the month of Shaban, marks the birth of the Moon of Bani Hashem, Al-Abbas bin Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon them.

According to historians, Al-Abbas was the first child born to Lady Fatima bint Hizam Al-Kallabiya, known as “Umm Al-Banin,” the wife of Ali bin Abi Talib after the martyrdom of Fatima Al-Zahra, peace be upon her. Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, holds high titles due to his exceptional qualities derived from the teachings of Muhammad's message, and his noble and virtuous morals.

Prominent Titles of Al-Abbas

1. The Moon of Bani Hashem:
This title is attributed to his radiant splendor and beautiful appearance, making him one of the distinguished members of Bani Hashem.

2. Al-Saqqa’:
This title, which means "the water carrier," reflects his courage and repeated efforts to break the siege imposed by the accursed “Ibn Marjana” to provide water during the incident of Ashura. Al-Abbas, peace be upon him, was martyred while carrying water.

3. The Hero of Al-Alqami:
Named after the river “Al-Alqami,” on whose banks Al-Abbas was martyred. Despite being surrounded by the soldiers of Omar bin Saad's army, Al-Abbas repeatedly defeated them and stormed the fortified river.

4. The Standard-Bearer:
He was entrusted with carrying the standard of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, in the Battle of Al-Taf due to his military prowess. This position was highly sensitive and important in the army, and Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, chose Al-Abbas for this role over other family members and companions.

5. The Battering Ram of the Battalion:
This title reflects his role as the supreme commander in the army, showcasing his excellent management skills and formidable strength, making him a terrifying force for his opponents.

6. Brigadier General:
Al-Abbas earned this title as the most prominent member of the military leadership, serving as the brigadier general of his brother Abu Abdullah’s army and leading forces in the Battle of Al-Taf.

7. The Protector of Al-Da’inah:
Al-Da’inah refers to the woman who passed away across the howdah, and Al-Abbas earned this title for his dedication to protecting and caring for the vulnerable during the battles.

8. Fulfiller of Needs:
This title was given based on the experiences of people whose needs were met through the intercession of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas, peace be upon him, as God alleviated their distress through him.

The legacy of Al-Abbas bin Ali, peace be upon them, continues to inspire and evoke reverence due to his unmatched valor, loyalty, and selflessness, marking him as a beacon of virtue and heroism in Islamic history.

Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas: The Warrior of the Bridge “Warrior of the Qantara”?

The Warrior:
The term "warrior" refers to a brave man, and "Qantara" means bridge. Hence, "Saba’ al-Qantara" translates to "the brave man who demonstrated unparalleled courage and recorded a heroic stand at the bridge." The question arises: What was the situation at the bridge where Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas displayed such courage to earn this title?

The Heroic Stand:
Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim Al-Kalbasi Al-Najafi explains that Abu Al-Fadl al-Abbas (peace be upon him) was known as the Warrior of the Bridge due to his exceptional bravery during the Nahrawan War. He was entrusted by his father, the Commander of the Faithful, with guarding the bridge against the Kharijites. Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas, along with a group of knights, protected the bridge, showcasing his courage and valor. His steadfastness and skill with the sword and spear prevented the Kharijite army from crossing the bridge.

The Test of Faith:
During the Nahrawan War, as the time for prayer approached, the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (peace be upon him), requested water for ablution. While he was performing ablution, a knight informed him that the Kharijites had crossed the bridge. However, Imam Ali, confident in his son’s abilities, did not raise his head, trusting Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas to hold the bridge. The Messenger of God had foretold Imam Ali about the Kharijites and their ultimate fate, which reinforced his confidence.

The Prophetic Assurance:
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) responded to the knight, stating that the Kharijites had not crossed the bridge and would not do so. He assured that fewer than ten Kharijites would escape, and fewer than ten of his own men would be killed. His words left those present amazed and skeptical. Shortly after, another knight confirmed that the Kharijites had not crossed the bridge, just as Imam Ali had predicted.

The Final Battle:
Imam Ali led the noon prayer and then marched towards the Kharijites, who were gathered below the bridge. He called for their repentance for the murder of Abdullah bin Khabbab and his wife, but they refused. Imam Ali attacked with his companions, and within an hour, all the Kharijites were killed except for nine, mirroring his earlier prophecy. Only nine of Imam Ali’s men were killed in the confrontation, affirming his divine insight.

Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas’s heroism at the bridge during the Nahrawan War solidified his reputation as a warrior of unparalleled bravery, embodying the noble and courageous spirit of his lineage.

References:

The Abbasid Characteristics, p. 156 et seq.

Birth and Upbringing of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (Peace be upon him)

Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (peace be upon him) was born in the house of prophecy and imamate. He was distinguished by his faith, piety, humanity, and knowledge. Historians mentioned that he was born in Medina on the fourth of Shaban in the year 26 AH. His father was the Commander of the Faithful, Ali ibn Abi Talib ibn Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim, whose lineage traces back to the Prophet of God, Ibrahim Al-Khalil (peace be upon him).

The name "Abbas" is derived from the Arabic word for "frowning," symbolizing strength, as "Abbas" is one of the names of the lion. God Almighty said: "Indeed, we fear from our Lord a frowning, rainy day" (Quran 76:10), meaning a severe day. This description reflects the character of the Companions of the Day of Judgment. Abu al-Fadl’s mother was Fatima bint Hizam bin Khalid bin Rabia, also known by her nickname, Umm al-Banin.

His uncles, Talib, Aqeel, and Jaafar, were known for their courage and valor. His brothers included Al-Hassan, Al-Hussein, and Zainab Al-Kubra, born to Fatima Al-Zahra Al-Batoul (peace be upon her), and Jaafar, Othman, and Abdullah, born to Umm Al-Banin Bint Hizam Al-Kalabiya (peace be upon her).

Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas grew up in the house of revelation and imamate under the care of his father, Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, absorbing the greatness of prophecy and imamate. His mother instilled in him all the qualities of virtue and perfection, which remained inherent to him throughout his life.

Academic Standing of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (Peace be upon him)
Abu al-Fadl (peace be upon him) lived in an environment immersed in divine secrets, surrounded by the stars of infallibility, the poles of guardianship, and the lights of guidance. He was a collector of virtues, being a descendant of the pure. These qualities did not prevent him from acquiring further good qualities, and his soul was enlightened with divine knowledge and sciences. Raised by Imam Ali, he inherited the secrets of prophecy and divine knowledge.

Historical narratives indicate that the Commander of the Faithful said: “My son, Al-Abbas, has divided knowledge into its own hands.” This means that Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas was nourished with knowledge from his youth. Abu al-Fadl lived under the imamate of his father for fourteen years and remained with him constantly. After the martyrdom of his father, he studied under his brothers, Al-Hasan and Al-Hussein (peace be upon them), spreading knowledge and science.

Abu al-Fadl also narrated on the authority of his father, Imam Ali, and his brothers Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein (peace be upon them). Imam Jaafar bin Muhammad Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) described his uncle Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas as insightful and steadfast in faith. He said, “Our uncle Al-Abbas bin Ali was insightful and solid in faith. He struggled with Abu Abdullah Al-Hussein and did well and became a martyr.” Penetrating insight is a sign of clear opinion and original thought, characterized by purity of soul, as shown by his support for Imam Al-Hussein.

Al-Birjandi described Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas as one of the greatest scholars and jurists of Ahl al-Bayt. He stated, “Al-Abbas was a scholar without a teacher, which does not negate what he narrated from his father.” Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (peace be upon him) grew up in the house of revelation and imamate, inheriting the characteristics of the people of this house in character, knowledge, and etiquette. He was a virtuous scholar, inheriting knowledge from his father, Imam Ali, and his brothers, Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein (peace be upon them).

References:

Jamal al-Din Muhammad bin al-Karam al-Ansari Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-Arab, edited by: Amer Ahmed Haider, (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2003 AD), vol. 6, p. 156.
Agha Abed Al-Shirwani Al-Hairi, The Elixir of Worship in the Secrets of Testimonies, edited by: Muhammad Jumaa Badi and Abbas Mulla Atiya Al-Jamri, (Qom: Suleiman Zadeh Press, 1428 AH), vol. 2, p. 393.
Muhammad Baqir al-Qaini, The Red Sulfur in the Strips of the Minbar, edited by: Muhammad Shu`a Fakher, (Qom: Shariat Press, 2004 AD), vol. 2, p. 342.